A+Writing+Tutorial+For+graduate+Students


 * A Writing Tutorial for Graduate Students **

**by Cecelia Munzenmaier **

When you wrote your first essays, all you had to do was write like someone who knew the basics: • Take a stand. • Prove your point. • Sum up what to remember. If you were really sophisticated, you took these basic elements of __ thesis __, __ body __, and __ conclusion __ a step further. Besides presenting evidence //for// your opinion, you also presented evidence //against// the other side. Now you’re expected to do more than develop an __ argument __. You’re supposed to write like a graduate student. Does that mean that most of the words in your paper should have five or six syllables? No, although you will use terms like “andragogy” or “performance improvement” that are part of the vocabulary of your field. Your graduate papers will also follow the same basic __ structure __as those you’ve already written for your undergraduate work. What makes graduate papers different? You and your audience are supposed to know the basic information about your topic. A paper proving that Malcolm Knowles believed that adults are self-directed learners isn’t worth writing. Your readers already know that, and anyone who’s taken an introductory ALPD course should too. At the graduate level, your paper is expected to contribute something new to what’s already been said about a topic. Fortunately, you don’t have to go as far as Knowles, who developed a new model of adult learning. To go beyond the basics, you might • compare Knowles’ model of adult learning to a different model • apply his ideas to a problem at your workplace • argue for or against Knowles’ ideas about self-directed learning • review what’s been written about self-directed learning and evaluate Knowles’ contribution to this area • test Knowles’ theory in a research project <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Your previous writing assignments might have had only one reader: your teacher. The main purpose of your paper might have been to show that you knew how to write it. When you got your grade, that was probably the end of the dialogue. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">In graduate school, your paper is part of an ongoing conversation with people who share your interest in the topic. Some of those people are no longer living, but their ideas still influence the conversation. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">For example, a Chinese general named Sun Tzu, who wrote //The Art of War// around 500 bce, is widely quoted by today’s military strategists, diplomats, and management gurus. Anyone writing about strategy would be expected to be familiar with Sun Tzu’s ideas. They are already part of the discussion, just as Kirkpatrick’s levels of evaluation or Knowles’ theory of andragogy are part of the discussion about adult learning. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">What can you contribute to a conversation that started long before you joined it? Perhaps you can add an original insight or a unique perspective. For example, how could Sun Tzu’s ideas about strategy help today’s workers survive mergers and layoffs? What could women learn from his strategic approach? <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">If the conversation has been long or intense, you might serve as a moderator. Suppose your topic is Sun Tzu’s influence on current thinking about management. You need to summarize the general’s key ideas and those of any contemporary gurus you discuss. What’s original about that? <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Your contribution is your judgment about which concepts and which thinkers are important. For example, in //Sun Tzu and the Art of Business//, Mark McNeilly distills the 13 chapters of the Chinese general’s class text into six principles. His judgment about the strategist is reflected in his thesis: “ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Because business by definition deals with competition, Sun Tzu's principles are ideally suited to competitive business situations.” <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">On his website ( [] ), McNeilly explains that he wrote //Sun Tzu and the Art of Business// because the general’s ideas were valuable, but hard for most people to apply to business. His title acknowledges that his book is based on Sun Tzu’s earlier work. However, McNeilly advances the conversation about strategy by <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• making Sun Tzu’s strategies available to more people <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• organizing the general’s ideas into principles that are easy to understand <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• giving examples of how Sun Tzu’s strategies can be applied today <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">When you begin writing, the most important thing is to get your ideas down on paper. Some people think of drafts as “brain dumps.” They focus on getting the ideas in their head onto a page as quickly as possible. Then they go back and revise what they’ve written to be sure it’s complete and easy for a reader to follow. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">The __ Academic Writing Rubric __ defines the standards by which your paper will be graded. The left-hand column identifies several key performance elements. The other columns explain the quality standards that will be used to evaluate each element. Each quality standard is illustrated by an example. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">You can use the rubric at two points during the writing process: <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• before you begin <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• as you revise your draft <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Before you write, you can read over the performance elements and examples to get an idea of the level of writing that’s expected in a graduate paper. Then you will have a mental model of what you want to achieve. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">However, the main purpose of the rubric is to help you identify things you need to improve. As you revise, use the criteria to judge your paper from a reader’s perspective. For example, ask yourself, “Does my thesis statement clearly define my paper’s scope and purpose?” If the answer is //yes,// go on to the next criterion. If your thesis is a sweeping generalization like “Throughout history, leaders have motivated their followers in different ways,” look for ways to narrow it. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Many guides to academic writing are available in print and on the Web. These selected resources will give you more in-depth information about particular topics. || <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Characteristics of academic style**
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Writing Like an Expert **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Covering the Basics **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Joining the Conversation **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Making an Original Contribution **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Meeting Graduate Standards **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Getting Help **
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Academic Style **

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Characteristics of Academic Writing” from the Curtin Business School

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> @http://www.cbs.curtin.edu.au/extras/communication/characteristics.cfm

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Features of Academic Writing” from Andy Gillet’s Using English for Academic Purposes site

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] ||

|| <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Revision guides**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Editing the Essay, Parts One and Two” and “Tips on Grammar, Punctuation and Style” Harvard’s Writing Center

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [|http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/html/about.htm] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “How to ensure an academic style,” University of Southern Queensland, Australia

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> @http://www.usq.edu.au/opacs/ALSonline/for_students/communication/academic_style.htm <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Academic Writing Models** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> George Mason University’s "Specialized Writing Guides" on how to write for different classes

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> The Paradigm Online Writing Assistant for various types of essays [] ||


 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> APA Style **

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Quick References**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Decision Tree

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> PDF format <span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Word document <span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">[]

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Checklist for APA Formatting and Documentation [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Preformatted template for APA-style papers [] <span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Hands-On APA Workshop Presentation [] //<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">SparkCharts: Research Style & Usage APA/MLA (available from Barnes & Noble) //

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Online Tutorials**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Documentation tutorial—UW-Madison [|http://www.wisc.edu/writetest/Handbook/DocAPA.html - review] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Using the APA Style System—Colorado State []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Social Sciences: Documenting Sources—Diana Hacker's site; examples of how to cite virtually every type of source and a model paper []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Reference Style—Citation Practice (Degelman & Harris);interactive self-test on creating and proofing reference citations []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> The APA Interactive Tutorial (Kevin Schoepp); short explanations of elements of APA style, followed by interactive quizzes

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Online Guides and Cheatsheets**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Style Essentials (Degelman & Harris); helpful discussion of how to handle figures and appendices

<span style="color: #000066; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Reference Style: Tightening Up Your Citations (Baker & Henrichsen) in-depth discussion of how to cite ERIC documents

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Style Essentials—Vanguard; discusses how to handle figures and appendices [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Citing Sources: Guide to Library Research—Duke Libraries; has a convenient pulldown menu that lets you find what you need quickly []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> FAQs About APA Style—APAstyle.org; most current information for online sources []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Nuts and Bolts of College Writing—M. Harvey; includes a detailed guide to formatting, sample citations, and a good explanation of in-text—or parenthetical—citations [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> APA Research Style Crib Sheet (Russ Dewey) summarizes rules for capitalization and punctuation as well as citing sources

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Strategies for Learning APA []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format —Purdue OWL []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Model APA-Style Papers**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> A Sample Paper on Using APA Style—DeLisle []

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Model APA Paper—Apes and Language lit review <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">[]

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Writing an APA model lit review—McLaughlin and Reinking []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • Free Software

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Citation Machine—enter your information and get reference list entries and parenthentical citations; be sure to double-check results []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> **• APA Software**

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> “Designed to provide fingertip guidance in APA style, APA-Style Helper 5.1 gives clear and straightforward help on how to format references, headings, and more.” A demo version is available at <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">[] ||


 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Grammar **

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> “Ask the Grammar Guru” at University of Kansas Writing Center http://www.writing.ku.edu/students/guides.shtml#7 <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Charles Darling’s “Guide to Grammar and Usage” [] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Garbl’s Online Grammar Guides” <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://garbl.home.comcast.net/ <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Online edition of William Strunk’s classic //Elements of Style// @http://www.bartleby.com/141/strunk1.html ||


 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Online Writing Labs (OWLs) **

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> “OWLs on the Web (Online Writing Webs) <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">www.ipl.org/div/aplus/linksowls.htm ||


 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Plagiarism **

|| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">“ <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">How Not to Plagiarize” from the University of Toronto—a good place to start <span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">[]

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Research Exercises—Avoiding Plagiarism in APA Papers”—interactive exercises from Diana Hacker’s excellent site

<span style="color: #000066; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Plagiarism—And How to Avoid It” from Drew University—discusses several examples of plagiarisim; parenthetical citation is done in MLA rather than APA style)

<span style="color: #000066; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Plagiarism Resources from Indiana U."—includes actual cases and a self-test.

<span style="color: #000066; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> “Understanding Plagiarism”— writing guide formatted for easy on-screen reading from Writing@CSU <span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">[]

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “What is Plagiarism and Why Do People Do It?” from Cal State LA—includes a discussion of various types of plagiarism

<span style="color: #000066; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] ||

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Thinking Strategies and Writing Patterns: A Word About Style, Tone, and Voice” from the University of Maryland University College @http://www.umuc.edu/prog/ugp/ewp_writingcenter/writinggde/chapter3/chapter3-21.shtml ||
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Voice **


 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Writing Process **

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Finding an Angle** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Tip #4: Description versus Analysis” in York University’s “Tips for Effective Academic Writing”
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Getting Started **

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> http://www.yorku.ca/rosir/tips.htm#descrip <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Developing a Thesis Statement** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> The Writer’s Handbook at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center site

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Writing Introductions** <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">"Introductions to Research Papers" (Central European University) <span style="color: #000066; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">http://www.ceu.hu/writing/intros.htm ||

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Getting Started** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> "Beginning the Academic Essay” at Harvard’s Writing Center"
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Proving Your Point **

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [|http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/Begin.html] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Some General Advice on Academic Essay Writing” from the University of Toronto

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Create a Paper” interactive template from Rio Salado College

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Developing Arguments** <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Arguments” at Writing@CSU <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://writing.colostate.edu/references/documents/argument <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Booth, W., Colomb, G., Williams, J//.// //The Craft of Research.// Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Counter-Argument” at Harvard’s Writing Tools site http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/Counterarg.html <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> Williams, J., Colomb, G. //The Craft of Argument.// New York: Addison Wesley, 2001. <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Writing Academic Papers” at the University of Dartmouth site <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">http://www.dartmouth.edu/~compose/student/ac_paper/what.html#argument ||

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">• **Quoting**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “APA Template”—pp. 3–5 introduce various ways to introduce quotations and provide in-text citation [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Citing Sources” from Andy Gillet’s Using English for Academic Purposes site [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Expressing Your Voice in Academic Writing” from the University of Wollongong, Australia [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Research Exercises—Integrating Quotations in APA Papers”—interactive exercises from Diana Hacker’s excellent site [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Using Principles of APA Style to Cite and Document Sources”—detailed explanation of how to use source-reflective statements to show where an Internet source ends and your ideas begin [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Using Quotations” from the University of Toronto []

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Using the Work of Other Authors in Your Writing” from the Language Teaching Center, Central European University [| http://www.ceu.hu/writing/sources.htm] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> "Using Outside Sources in Your Writing" (an interactive tutorial from UColorado) [] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> • **Using Transitions** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Grammar and Style: Transitions” at the University of Wisconsin-Madison site @http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Transitions.html <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Transitioning: Beware of Velcro” at Harvard’s Writing Center http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/Transitions.html <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Writing Effective Transitions” at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill site <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.html ||

|| <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“11 Rules of Writing” at Junket Studies @http://www.junketstudies.com/rulesofw/
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Revising **

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Editing the Essay, Parts One and Two” at Harvard’s Writing Center

<span style="color: #00006f; display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/html/about.htm

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;"> “Grammar and Style: An Editing Checklist” from the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Writing Center @http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/CommonErrors.html

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“How to ensure an academic style,” from the University of Queensland site <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://www.usq.edu.au/opacs/ALSonline/for_students/communication/academic_style.htm

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Proofreading Strategies” from Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/general/gl_proof.html ||

|| <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Ending the Essay: Conclusions” at Harvard’s Writing Center http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/documents/Conclusions.html
 * <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Summing Up **

<span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">“Strategies for Writing a Conclusion” at St. Cloud State University <span style="color: #00006f; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">@http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html ||

TAKEN FROM: http://www.educ.drake.edu/aded/tutorial.htm