cause+and+effect+essay

**Brain drain and political matters ** **By: Neda Toughiry ** Nowadays, hundreds of educated and elite individuals immigrate to developed countries in order to settle and make a better life. Brain drain, the loss of the highly educated to more developed Countries, has great impact on the developing countries in 1990s. The country that experiences brain drain suffers a loss. Brain drain occurs most commonly when individuals leave less developed countries with fewer opportunities for career advancement, research, and academic employment and migrate to more developed countries with more opportunities. it also occurs in the movement of individuals from one more developed country to another more developed country. The main question here is what political issues make scientists to immigrate and leave the country? In this essay, we are going to discusses about three major political factors of Brain Drain phenomenon. According to EAU, human science research Centre, almost 2.3% of all immigration of post-secondary educated individuals is due to the governmental politics about **//tight//** **// domestic job market //**. Dr. Rezae, the principal of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, argued that 30.2% of high educated individuals in the field of engineering immigrate to developed countries like Germany, France and United States in order to find better job opportunities. Torabi A., a student of Maryland university,” I am graduated in MA. level of Tehran University in the major of civil engineering. I searched more than 5 years for a proper domestic job in Tehran. Unfortunately I couldn’t find a good job. Now, in United States, I am student of PHD level and I have a good job.” A report by EAU shows that **strict social codes** causes brain drain in most developing countries. Bhaktin Jones, the professor of human psychology and the member of UPA, argued that according to the survey performed in 2005 in Moscow State University, strict social codes have a major role in brain drain in Russia. During the Soviet-era and after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, brain drain occurred when top professionals moved to the West or to socialist states to work in economics or science.. Russia has strict social codes that make a huge dissatisfaction in professional and top educated individuals. However, The Russian government is still working to counter this with allocation of funds to new programs that encourage the return of scientists that left Russia and encourages future professionals to remain in Russia to work **Political instability ** is one of the major factors that causes brain drain. Some developing countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq and etc. faced political instability in 1990s that causes more than 46% of elite and educated individuals to leave the country (EUA, 2009). Political instability such as revolution, civil war, conflict, political crackdown as well as instability of government politics makes the knowledgeable, well-educated and skilled professionals to leave from their home country to another country. This can take place because of several factors. The most obvious is the availability of better job opportunities and scholarships and other facilities. Brain drain, the loss of the highly educated to more developed countries is a phenomena which highly aff**e**cted by political matters. As discussed above, political matters including tight // domestic job market, //strict social codes and political instability can makeelite and educated individuals to leave their countries. By setting proper political codes and by creating job opportunities countries can decrease their brain drain rate. Brain drain is the reality, which can be solved by new political attitudes.
 * Cause and effect Essay **